ABSTRACT
Tic disorder （TD） is a neurodevelopmental disorder， with one or more motor and/or vocal disorders as the main symptoms. It brings many inconveniences to children's learning and life， and has a profound impact on children's character building. The pathogenesis of TD is mainly correlated with neurotransmitter release disorder， neuroimmune， genetic， trace element imbalance， diet and other factors， but has not been completely clear up to now. Western Medicine has obvious effects on TD， but with serious side effects. Compared with western medicine， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has the advantages of low adverse reactions and definite and lasting effect， and thus has been widely recognized by children and their families. In order to explore the pathogenesis of TD and the specific mechanism of TCM in the treatment of TD， many scholars have carried out a large number of in-depth animal experiments and made some achievements， but also exposed some defects， such as the single modeling method， failed to take into account other pathogenesis of TD， failure to combine the specific syndromes of TCM for targeted modeling， and failure to reflect the dialectic of TCM on the characteristics of governance. This paper reviews the modeling methods of common animal models， the comparison of advantages and disadvantages， and the changes of behavioral and biochemical indicators before and after the intervention with TCM compounds on TD animal models， so as to provide reference for the selection of animal models in future animal experimental research.
ABSTRACT
The blood-brain barrier is located between blood vessels and brain parenchyma and is a composite tissue composed of brain capillary endothelial cell,astrocyte end foot,pericyte,basement membrane and their tight connections.The blood-brain barrier acts as an important barrier between the blood-brain. It strictly restricts the exchange of blood and brain tissue. On the one hand,it allows the nutrients required by the brain tissue to enter the barrier. On the other hand,the substance that damages the brain tissue is restricted from entering the barrier to maintain the stability of the neuron microenvironment. The barrier function of the blood-brain barrier also limits the concentration of drugs that treat certain diseases into the brain or reduces the concentration of drugs into the brain,affecting the treatment of certain diseases.Studies have found that Chinese medicine has the effect of regulating the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. For example, Chinese herbal medicines such as Moschus,borneol,Styorax,and Benzoinum can increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier,and can help its medicine into the brain. Its role is mainly related to the reduction of the blood-brain barrier tight junction,the inhibition of the blood-brain barrier transporter,and the inhibition of the active transport of ion channels.Orifice-opening medicinal such as borneol and Moschus can reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.Certain tonifying and replenishing medicinal such as Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,and Paeoniae Radix Alba can also reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to protect the blood-brain barrier and brain tissue.Its role is mainly related to the regulation of inflammatory reactions,increased expression of tight junction-associated proteins,and promotion of vascular endothelial proliferation.The two-way regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) may be the basis for the prevention and treatment of brain diseases by TCM.In this paper,we systematically sort out the relevant literatures on the study of the permeability of blood-brain barrier and its mechanism of action in Chinese medicine in recent years,and carry out in-depth combing and summary,in order to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of TCM to prevent and treat brain diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To lay the foundation for studying the possible pathogenesis of epilepsy and the anti-epileptic mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction through the bioinformatic analysis of target gene prediction and signal pathway of miRNA-146a-5p in hippocampus of epileptic rats. Methods Lithium-pilocarpine was used to induce seizures in rat models. The experiment rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction group, with 20 rats in each group. The method of miRNA expression profiling was used to observe the miRNA differential expression of hippocampus neuron cell of rats. The expression level of miRNA-146a-5p was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. MiRDB was used for target gene prediction of miRNA-146a-5p, and miRTarBase and DAVID were used for enrichment analysis on the GO function and KEGG signaling pathway. Results The attack times and grades of the rats in Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction group were significantly lower than those in the model group from behavioral observation. MiRNA microarray analysis showed that the expression level of miRNA-146a-5p in model group was 2.107 times normal control group (P＜0.05), and the expression level decreased to 1.377 times after treatment with Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction (P＜0.05). The results of RT-PCR was consistent with that of miRNA microarray, with statistical significance (P＜0.05). MiRNA-146a-5p target gene prediction results had 140 target genes by GO, and there were 14 annotation information of biological process (P＜0.05), 9 annotation information of cellular component (P＜0.05), 11 annotation information of molecular function (P＜0.05). Enrichment analysis of KEGG biological pathway showed that 140 target genes of miRNA-146a-5p were enriched in EB virus infection signal pathway and thyroid hormone signaling pathway (P＜0.05). Conclusion miRNA-146a-5p is closely related to the inflammatory reaction after epilepsy, and Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction can control epilepsy possibly by controlling the inflammatory reaction after epilepsy.